review low back pain

 
From the Departments of Medicine and Health Services and the Center for Cost and Outcomes Research, University of Washington, Seattle (R.A.D.); and the Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences and the Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, N.H. (J.N.W.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Deyo at the Center for Cost and Outcomes Research, University of Washington, Box 358853, Seattle, WA 98195.

 

Of the journal titled as above, I can understand are as follows :

Low back pain is a musculoskeletal disorder that affects 80% of people at some point in their lives. The majority of lower back pain from benign musculoskeletal problems, and referred to as non-specific back pain is low, probably because this type of muscle or soft tissue keselo or tension, especially in cases where the pain suddenly during physical loading from the rear, with lateral spine pain. More than 99% of cases of back pain fall into this category. Complete differential diagnosis includes a variety of other less common conditions.PathophysiologyThe lumbar region (or the lower back area) consists of five vertebrae (L1-L5). Fibrocartilage disc lies between the rear bone (vertebral discs), which acts as a cushion, preventing the spine from rubbing together while at the same time protects the spinal cord. Nerves originating from the spinal cord melelui foramen in the spine, giving the sensation of muscle and motor-related messages. Stability is provided through the ligaments of the spine and back muscles, lower back and abdomen. Small joints that prevent, as well as direct, the movement of the spine called the facet joints (zygapophysial joints).Causes of lower back pain varies. Most cases are believed to be due to sprain or strain on back muscles and soft tissues. overactivity of the muscles of the back can lead to an injured or torn ligaments in the back which in turn causes pain. Injuries also can occur on any of the intervertebral discs (disc tear, disc herniation). Due to aging, the disc began to diminish and shrink in size, so that the spine and facet joints rub against each other. Ligament and joint function also decreases as one ages, leading to spondylolisthesis, which causes the spine to move much more than they should. Pain is also produced through the lumbar spine and scoliosis. At the lowest end of the spine, some patients may experience pain coccyx (also called coccyx pain or coccydynia). Others may have pain from their sacroiliac joint, where the spine attaches to the pelvis, called sacroiliac joint dysfunction, which may be responsible for 22.6% of low back pain. Physical causes may include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, degeneration of the discs between the vertebrae or spinal disc herniation, spinal fractures (such as from osteoporosis), or rarely, infection or tumor.In most cases, no cause is important or serious are ever identified. If the pain is healed after several weeks of intensive testing is not indicated.